Although solar panels are usually at roof level and manufactured to withstand the impact of small airborne debris, they still get damaged and or need maintenance work from time to time. Broken glass from rocks, large hail, or a fall (loose bolts on the mount) are the most common reasons for a repair. Equipment with extensive damage costs less and is more efficient to replace than it is to fix, especially if the equipment is near the end of its lifetime. In this scenario, or if you need roofing work done, you will need to hire a solar panel removal service.
The units themselves are tough and often last beyond their expected lifespan of 25 years. Newer models can last up to 50 years. You'll only need to replace solar panels if they break beyond repair, don’t perform well, or lose efficiency as they approach their end-of-life.
Unless you are leasing your system, you are responsible for maintenance and repairs. However, if certain parts are under warranty, you may have a significant amount of coverage on them. If a panel fails due to an installation error or without explanation, your warranty may cover it. If the unit cracked after an impact, you may be responsible for repairs.
Call your installer and read your warranty before you do any work on your equipment. They will have useful insight into your coverage, service limitations, and options. Many manufacturers offer a 10 to 20-year warranty, while inverters themselves usually have a 10-year warranty. Panels should have a workmanship warranty of at least five years, and your general system should have a warranty of 25 years.