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The three main types of slate roofs are standard, patterned, and random. Standard slate roof tiles have the same width, thickness, and length. They overlap in alternating rows and look uniform when fully installed. Patterned slate uses colored tiles and sometimes different shapes to create different designs. Random slate uses varying sizes and thicknesses to create a rustic look, similar to wooden shake.

The alternatives to slate roofs include fiber cement, concrete, and clay. They’re less expensive and don’t last as long, but they provide hard, fire-resistant roofing. You can also choose rubber- or plastic-made composites that mimic the look of slate. Before deciding, discuss the best options for your home and budget with your slate roofing pro.

Generally, a building permit is required for a new slate roof installation. This is considered a significant change in the structure of your house. If you’re replacing one type of roofing material with a slate roof, this may also call for a valid permit. Basic repairs may or may not need a permit. It is best to check with local authorities about the regulations that apply in your area.

Professional roofers' training varies by state, but they typically need to serve an apprenticeship of at least two years before applying for a roofing license. Always hire a professional with specific experience installing slate roofing. No other material goes on the same as slate tiles. It’s easy to crack the stone when installing it, leading to leaks and damage later on. Local roofing contractors should also have liability insurance and a business license. Call the issuers of these credentials to ensure they’re valid.

Replace a slate roof if more than 20% to 30% of its tiles need to be repaired or replaced. In most cases, the roof may be nearing the end of its life and will likely continue to need rapid tile replacement. It’s best to do it all at once. A standard roof inspection costs about $235, a worthwhile investment to make a more informed decision.

Slate roofs are a popular option because of their longevity and classic look. Expect a slate roof to last anywhere from 50 to 200 years, depending on factors like hardness, composition, and proper maintenance. While you may need to clean, repair, or replace some slate tiles over the years, slate roofing lasts a long time. By comparison, clay and concrete roofs last up to 50 years, while wood shingles last 25 to 70 years, depending on the variety.